Process and Outcome Evaluations Essay Example for Free

Process and Outcome Evaluations Essay A Process Evaluation is relatively used to monitor as well as document the planning, implementation, and interrelationship of the components of the proposed project are the focus of the process evaluation. The process evaluations main focus is to assist with the description of program interventions’ development, as well as its activities, also to provide quantitative and qualitative data on many services that are to be rendered and their effectiveness. A Process Evaluation is also responsible to document the acceptability of a specific program within the programs targeted community. An Outcome Evaluation is what is known to be based on the project’s ecological systems social constructionist theoretical orientations and its focus on the peer, family, individual, as well as school domains, the outcome evaluation will provide better understanding to some of the key evaluation questions and its effectiveness. Some examples of process evaluations are: 1. A program that provides addiction recovery services to the communities children ask the clients and their parents to fill out survey forms to specify if the program was helpful for their family to help them to meet specific goals. 2. The children participating in sports work with their coaches to fill out questionnaires about the program services they receive. Examples of an outcome evaluation are: 1. The number of high school students that are graduating goes up after the school implements an after school program to assist children struggling with grades 2. The city was able to increase its funding to the school from $3,000 to 15,000 after implementation of the after school program showed  improved graduation References Yuen, F., Terao, K. (2003). Practical grant writing and program evaluation. . Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.

Hunger Essay -- World Hunger Poverty Food Essays

Hunger Hunger is an issue which many people think lies little importance. Im going to give you a look at World Hunger as a Picture of Poverty, how it affects Third World Nations, and How World Hunger is a disease that is plaguing our society. "Food is more than a trade commodity," pleaded Sir John Boydorr in 1946. "It is an essential to life." The first director-general of the new Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Boydorr fruitlessly proposed plans for a World Food Board to protect nations and people from hunger in the world market system. That market system does not distribute food on the basis of nutritional need. This is one of the most troubling and complex realities of the world hunger problem. During recent famines in Ethiopia, in another example of the workings of the marketplace, foreign food aid begins trucked to famine areas from ships at the docks passed food leaving the famine areas on other vehicles. Merchants were taking food from famine areas to parts of the country where there was no famine. World Hunger and poverty can be seen in many ways. But first lets establish a solid definition of poverty : Poverty is a state in which the ability of individuals or groups to use power to bring about good for themselves, their families, and their community is weakened or blocked. When someone lacks food, this is referred to as material poverty. This sort of poverty can hurt people in many ways, it can hurts people's self esteem and it can also hurt their outlook on life. Lets say you come home from work to see your family, instead of seeing a family which is happy because it has a roof over its head you come home to see that your children don't have enough food on the table to keep them properly nourished. This hurts familys and tears some of them apart. It is also just a very cruel punishment because after a while of being hungry, you start to starve to death and when you starve, the body just starts to eat itself up to find the nourishment it needs. It can also effect people's outlook on life and on people in a major way. People who are denied food can start to hate life and everyone around them. There's also two instincts in life that will always kick in when your hungr y: The survival instinct which is to survive no matter what the situation is and the instinct to provide food for your family. I am not a father myself, ... ...itary force and start trying to live like Jesus would want us to and help our fellow brothers in Christ. Due to many self-centered greedy people, we have fellow humans starving to death. This can't keep going on because every time someone starves, we are not just hurting that person but we are also hurting ourselves. We all live in the world as one race with different sections. The sections being the different nationalities we have in the world. And whenever one division gets hurt, the whole gets weakened. We need to depend on each other to survive from day to day healthy. It is true the poverty is a main cause of world hunger but it isn't the only cause. If the economy was serving the people and not the other way around then more people would have the money needed to buy food to live from day to day. And if greedy governments gave some of he people money or food they would have money to buy food. If the Military stopped using so much money to make machines that kill, there would be more money for people to buy food with. And if more people cared there would be a lot less starving peopl e in this world. If this hunger doesn't end, I can see a very pathetic world in our future. Hunger Essay -- World Hunger Poverty Food Essays Hunger Hunger is an issue which many people think lies little importance. Im going to give you a look at World Hunger as a Picture of Poverty, how it affects Third World Nations, and How World Hunger is a disease that is plaguing our society. "Food is more than a trade commodity," pleaded Sir John Boydorr in 1946. "It is an essential to life." The first director-general of the new Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Boydorr fruitlessly proposed plans for a World Food Board to protect nations and people from hunger in the world market system. That market system does not distribute food on the basis of nutritional need. This is one of the most troubling and complex realities of the world hunger problem. During recent famines in Ethiopia, in another example of the workings of the marketplace, foreign food aid begins trucked to famine areas from ships at the docks passed food leaving the famine areas on other vehicles. Merchants were taking food from famine areas to parts of the country where there was no famine. World Hunger and poverty can be seen in many ways. But first lets establish a solid definition of poverty : Poverty is a state in which the ability of individuals or groups to use power to bring about good for themselves, their families, and their community is weakened or blocked. When someone lacks food, this is referred to as material poverty. This sort of poverty can hurt people in many ways, it can hurts people's self esteem and it can also hurt their outlook on life. Lets say you come home from work to see your family, instead of seeing a family which is happy because it has a roof over its head you come home to see that your children don't have enough food on the table to keep them properly nourished. This hurts familys and tears some of them apart. It is also just a very cruel punishment because after a while of being hungry, you start to starve to death and when you starve, the body just starts to eat itself up to find the nourishment it needs. It can also effect people's outlook on life and on people in a major way. People who are denied food can start to hate life and everyone around them. There's also two instincts in life that will always kick in when your hungr y: The survival instinct which is to survive no matter what the situation is and the instinct to provide food for your family. I am not a father myself, ... ...itary force and start trying to live like Jesus would want us to and help our fellow brothers in Christ. Due to many self-centered greedy people, we have fellow humans starving to death. This can't keep going on because every time someone starves, we are not just hurting that person but we are also hurting ourselves. We all live in the world as one race with different sections. The sections being the different nationalities we have in the world. And whenever one division gets hurt, the whole gets weakened. We need to depend on each other to survive from day to day healthy. It is true the poverty is a main cause of world hunger but it isn't the only cause. If the economy was serving the people and not the other way around then more people would have the money needed to buy food to live from day to day. And if greedy governments gave some of he people money or food they would have money to buy food. If the Military stopped using so much money to make machines that kill, there would be more money for people to buy food with. And if more people cared there would be a lot less starving peopl e in this world. If this hunger doesn't end, I can see a very pathetic world in our future.

The Place of Factor X in Friedman and Albright’s Conflict

Three scholars namely Thomas L. Friedman, Madeleine Albright and Francis Fukuyama have offered related thoughts which policy-makers could learn to use in conflict resolution. To all of them, respecting human dignity is apparently the key to conflict resolution. Also, they all try to explain moral choices as the type of choice that must surface in the society to create a harmonious society. However, they have presented different sources for which people reflect on in making moral judgments like identity, rationality and freedom. The articles they have written which are; The Dell Theory of Conflict Resolution, Faith and Diplomacy and The Posthuman Future, respectively have tackled distinct issues but they derive their arguments from human nature. The first article for example discusses about the impacts of economic globalization on state and group collaboration; the second deals with how expertise and consideration of religion could facilitate in the understanding of cultural and religious differences to arrive at peace and settlements thus preventing wars; the third concerns itself with dissecting human nature to prove that technological and scientific development should be regulated to preserve the innate characteristics of humans and maintain their aspirations for unity. I would like to emphasize however that using the third article, Posthuman Future by Francis Fukuyama, the two articles are similar in that they refer to some aspects of human nature that Fukuyama referred to in his study as part of Factor X. But at the same time, I would like to present a personal analysis that Friedman and Albright in their discussions of economic-political behaviour and religious beliefs, are able to introduce although implicitly another aspect of human nature that Fukuyama might have not fully underscored- the human interactions that produce, mould, shape and influence beliefs, behavior, ideologies that yields to mobilization, organization, even conflict and its resolution. Let me begin by sharing what Fukuyama has to say about human dignity. How is moral choice determined? Francis Fukuyama in his new book the â€Å"Posthuman Future† tries to give a fresh perspective on the nature of humans and human values that eventually leads to a discussion of a kind of moral choice that is rooted in human dignity. Fukuyama says that human values are rooted in human nature which in turn is rooted in our genes. Fukuyama defines human nature as â€Å"the sum of the behavior and characteristics that are typical of the human species, arising from genetic rather than environmental factors.† Humans as complex wholes with a range of capacities like rationality, moral choice, sociability, sentience, consciousness, language, and so on that exceed those located among non-human animals is what gives humans moral worth. So while non-humans may possess nature as well, only humans possess dignity. Dignity is what gives humans the following: â€Å"superior†¦ moral status that raises us all above the rest of animal creation and yet makes us equals of one another qua human beings.† Fukuyama believes that dignity resides in what he refers below as Factor X: â€Å"a mysterious ‘Factor X' which is the ‘essential human quality' that remains after ‘all of a person's contingent and accidental characteristics' have been stripped away.† Fukuyama claims that: â€Å"Factor X cannot be reduced to the possession of moral choice, or reason, or language, or sociability, or sentience, or emotions, or consciousness, or any other quality that has been put forth as a grounds for human dignity. It is all of these qualities coming together in a human whole that make up Factor X† It is Factor X that Fukuyama wants to conserve from the command of biotechnologists. In this given equation, biotechnology which consists of the alteration of our biological nature would also alter human nature, transforming human values and undermine capitalism. He further notes that: â€Å"What is ultimately at stake with biotechnology is the very grounding of the human moral sense. We therefore need international regulation to obstruct any technological advance that might ‘disrupt either the unity or the continuity of human nature, and thereby the human rights that are based upon it.† (Fukuyama, 2002) Francis Fukuyama seemingly concerned with the natural order of things fears that with artificial actions like those presented in medicines, cloning and genetic engineering, what could have been naturally designed as the end in our society would change as we intervened in the natural course of events. This assumption leads him to some policy prescriptions as regards the limitations of these developments. One can deduce from his assumptions that our morality and our moral choices will also be affected with these perceived changes. The resolution for Fukuyama in all of humans’ worries that provoke biotechnology is seen in his statement, â€Å"There are good prudential reasons to defer to the natural order of things and not to think that human beings can easily improve upon it through casual intervention† Having read the Dell Theory of Conflict Resolution, one can judge at the outset that the intention was to rationalize the behavior of people and organizations which due to globalization and   in the consideration of their best interests have resorted to collaboration, thus making their human nature progress into economically defined configurations and abstain from war and other skirmishes. Richard Cobden said: â€Å"Free trade is God’s diplomacy. There is no other certain way of uniting people in the bonds of peace† (cited in the Dell Theory of Conflict Resolution). If I were to put it simply, I’d say Friedman as he appears a liberal to me wishes to promote for the sake of resolving conflict among groups and states, human’s embedded rationality as the aspect that makes us unique and thinking life-forms. He is saying that economically speaking, we would rather choose the best possible choice- that one that will entail the least costs and risks and the greater benefits. The least harm would be to preserve the freedom of choice and inherent rights of humans -characteristic of a capitalist system and even prospered in free trade. Now, this has become not only a rational choice for him, but also a moral choice; and dignity derives itself from the consideration of other people’s rights to personal property, opportunity to engage in the globalizing system as free and rational beings and appreciation of what others could do to help others at the same time helping their own selves (comparative advantage). In this case, conflict arises when disrespect against other humans in the form of illegal transactions, abuse of power, unfair decisions and agreements take place. Hence, as far as foreign policy is concern, time has come for policy-makers to lose interest in hard security issues like war but focus on meaningful and friendly trade treaties and the like. On the other hand, the article Faith and Diplomacy by Madeleine Albright takes faith in religion as the basis of human’s moral choices. Looking at human’s capacity and nature to reason and feel- this must be provoked to make people make better assessment of their actions and decisions. It is the domination of a common identity as humans created in the likeness of God that could fashion an intensive dislike to killing other humans and hurting them. The ultimate reason to abhor war and fighting must come from the nature of humans to feel sympathy, pain, sadness from the makings of their religious differences. Hence, international diplomatic relations faced with religious-based insurgencies must take this tactic to eliminate the perspective of dehumanization in wars as an opportunity to maintain order. Human dignity in this case is taken away when one treats another human non-human. He says in the article: â€Å"When participants in a conflict claim to be people of faith, a negotiator who has the credentials and the credibility to do so might wish to call their bluff† Humans have the nature to realize mistakes after some moments of reflection based on reason and sentiments. However as Fukuyama states, Factor X is the totality of human natures, the sum of all parts. Although a lot of other scholars still contest and rebut Fukuyama’s exaggeration of the impacts of biotechnology on the human qualities, I may not delve into those criticisms although one thing is clear to me: that all of these scholars have faith in what humans can do both negative and positive. Conflict is caused by human qualities and characteristics as rational, free beings capable of innovation and complex organizing. What must be given emphasis however more than human nature is human interaction. Their social nature is what brings them to form distinct religious groups and organizations, influence each other to develop new traditions, norms and structures, cooperate and not to cooperate depending on mainstream beliefs and ideologies. I would say Friedman and Albright’s thoughts on moral choice, human dignity and conflict resolution are not isolated from the human aspects that Fukuyama is talking about, although in a separate discussion, they have perhaps unintentionally promoted another way of looking at conflict which transcends the explanations made by Fukuyama.       .   

The Country Of South Africa - 2267 Words

South Africa, a nation that is located at the tip of the African Continent. The economy of South Africa is based almost completely on mining and the production of minerals. With a rich history of colonization and independence, along with a fight for freedom. Widely diverse with many ethnicities and languages, the people come from many different places into one. The capital of South Africa is Pretoria, the city has a population of 1,209,000 as of 2005. Two other major cities in South Africa are Cape Town and Johannesburg with populations of 3,103,000 and 3,228,000 as of 2005. South Africa is located south of Botswana and Zimbabwe, to the Southwest of Namibia and to the Southeast of Mozambique. To the East is the Indian Ocean, to the West is the Atlantic Ocean, and to the South is the confluence of the two oceans. It is about twice the size of Texas. The physical makeup of the nation is that there are the Eastern and Western Plateau Slopes along with the Kalahari Basin starting in the South and ending in the North-Central region. Located in the East lies a mountain range by the name of the Drakensberg Mountains, tallest of which is Mt. Injastu. The Western Cape province is very fertile, producing citrus fruits and grapes. The two most important rivers in the country are the Orange and the Limpopo Rivers. In the central region of South Africa are the Little and Great Karoo Highlands. South Africa is located completely in the Southern Temperate zone with minimum temperatures ofShow MoreRelatedThe Country Of A Country South West Africa1785 Words   |  8 PagesNiger, a country located in North West Africa, is simply one of the poorest countries in the world. With the majority of its land occupied by dry, infertile desert, finding a secure source of food is next to impossible for many (Burki 1). Malnutrition is common and affects a large part of the population. 800,000 children under five years old die from acute malnutrition annually (Langendorf). A popular choice in Niger is to avoid the dry land by herding livestock for a living. However many stillRead MoreSouth Africa s Independence As A Country Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagescentury until the early 1900’s, European countries were fighting to get tracks of land across Africa. Although South Africa was unified by Great Britain in 1910, the African National Cong ress was formed two years later. It was only on Dec 11, 1931 after World War II when Britain gave South Africa its’ independence as a country. For the first sixty years after South Africa was claimed independent, white minority rulers dominated the country. 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Msimangu hoped for people living in South Africa to f orget race and to instead think of what would best help the country. Although South Africa has been on a rocky path

A Moment Of Disturbing Clarity - 3126 Words

A Moment of Disturbing Clarity If I had a dollar for every time I heard God referred to as â€Å"he† or â€Å"him,† my college tuition might be paid for. I’m guilty of this myself, in moments, though more conscious of it now. No argument can be made against it, the church is traditionally patriarchal, and dangerously so. In fact, Rosemary Radford Ruether claims in her book Sexism and God Talk, â€Å"Male monotheism has been so taken for granted in Judeo-Christian culture that the peculiarity of imaging God solely through one gender has not been recognized† (53). We can easily address where some of these issues that arise from this might lie- the lack of inclusion in practice, specifically in the Catholic Church with their opposition to the ordination of women modeled after this God, the lack of a sense of afterlife that is attainable by women, and a lack of accessibility to other figures and symbols in the church. More than that, we can point to the issues of their being directly related to sin, as well as the shunning and lack of acknowledgement that spills into shaming of their bodies. Often, however, we ignore the results of these issues. As a direct result of the damage done by patriarchal traditions and patriarchal views of God, women are ill equipped to deal with difficult aspects of their lives. In order to adequately address issues of sadness, suffering, trauma, and other theodical roots, everyone, and women in particular, must be shown a reimagined view of God. Ruether claims,Show MoreRelatedThesis Paper Between photography and cinematography there are always similarities. They both have600 Words   |  3 Pagescreativity now is remarkably different from where we started out. I think revisiting childhood can be a good thing, because our lives can be filled with chaos, confusion, disorder and even complication. And we all strive to find moments of clarity, and order. 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When we transform the way we perceive it, we are forcing ourselves to alter the way we see reality and try to cope with it in a different manner than before. The effectuated change will only modify our viewpoint on it without disturbing anyone else. For this reason, we can say that our beliefs, character and situation are behind the thoughts that create our reality. French philosopher Henri Bergson used to say that â€Å"The eye sees only what the mind is prepared to comprehend†, hence:Read More The Turn of the Screw Essay1076 Words   |  5 Pagesloneliness is presented and; accompanying these emotions we are presented with draping curtains. This raises ambiguity and an uncertain presence. This strong descriptive language gives us a feeling of the place and its gothic ambience. 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Domestic Violence and Its Effects on Family Life - 2341 Words

Domestic Violence What is Domestic Violence? Domestic violence is the leading cause of an injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44, more than car accidents, muggings and rape combined. A woman is most likely to be assaulted, injured, raped or killed by a male partner than by any type of assault. Domestic violence occurs in every state, let alone many countries, in all economic, ethnic and social backgrounds. Many victims of domestic violence have changed their lives and escaped the abuse while the other victims haven’t. Domestic violence happens very often in a lot of foreign families which causes kids to rebel while growing up. Domestic abuse occurs when one person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to†¦show more content†¦It was to the point where I was crying everywhere; in public, my friend’s house, my parents’ house and work. I couldn’t express my feelings to anyone† said Chris. The last time Jose got violent with Chris was when they were close to the ending their relationship. Jose was always on his phone so one day Chris decided to reach for his phone to go through it and see who he was talking to so very often. Jose grabbed his hand and twisted it so bad, then punched him in the face. That’s when Chris had enough and told Jose to move out. Domestic violence happens in all types of relationships. Here are some tips to help you reassure that you are a victim of domestic violence; Physical abuse such as slapping, kicking, hitting, and shoving or other physical force, Sexual abuse including rape, sexual assault, forced prostitution or interfering with birth control, Emotional abuse such as shouting, name-calling, humiliation, constant criticism, or harming the victims relationship with her or his children. Nigeria has one the highest rates of domestic violence in Africa. More than two thirds of Nigerian women are believed to experience physical, sexual and psychological abuse at the hands of their husband. A small-scale study conducted in the Lagos and Oyo states revealed that Nearly 65% of educated women said they had been beaten by a partner, boyfriend or husband while 56% of lower-income market women experienced similarShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Domestic Violence1831 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence What effects does domestic violence have on the victim and their families? Domestic violence has a tremendous effect on people lives. It is a terrible crime and is happening each day. It is said that every 9 seconds a women is assaulted or beaten. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury in women. This crime is very common and happens to people that you may even know. â€Å"Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive and threatening behaviors that may include physical, emotionalRead MoreEffects of Domestic Violence on Children908 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Domestic Violence on Children by Mary Pelham English 1010-19 5 October 2011 Pelham i Outline I. Effects on younger children A. Feelings of deprivation Read MoreEssay on The Gravity of Domestic Violence in America1423 Words   |  6 Pages the gravity of domestic violence in America has been disregarded and glossed over; perhaps it is because 60 percent of all domestic violence takes place at home. Domestic violence is defined as, the situation in which an intimate partner or someone you live with attacks you and tries to hurt you, often including physical assault, sexual assault, and bullying. â€Å"Every year, more than 3 million children witness domestic violence in their homes.† (safehorizon.org) Domestic violence at home is alteringRead MoreChildren And Effects Of Domestic Violence1612 Words   |  7 PagesCHILDREN AND THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE Children and the Effects of Domestic Violence in the Home Domestic violence is any behavior of physical, sexual, emotional, or physiological acts or threats that intimidate a person or partner by trying to control or maintain power. Unfortunately, many children experience these harmful acts in the home between family members, all of different ages, ethnicities, and statuses. 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Banyan Tree Analysis free essay sample

Banyan Tree Holdings manages and develops resorts, hotels and spas. They have been listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange since 2006. Banyan began in 1994 with a single resort in Phuket and currently manages and has ownership interests in over 20 resorts and hotels, 60 spas, 70 retail galleries, and 3 golf courses. Refer to Appendix A for an overview of Banyan Tree’s global presence. The company is best known for its Banyan Tree and Angsana brands. In this paper, we consider the operations of the Banyan Tree Group. Here on, Banyan Tree Group will be referred to as â€Å"Banyan Tree†. Banyan Tree ends its fiscal year on 31st December each year. Financial Analysis Principal Activities Banyan Tree’s revenue is generated from three core business segments: Hotel Investments, Property Sales and Fee-based. Hotel Investments Banyan Tree main Hotel Investments were in Thailand, Maldives, China and Morocco. Investments in Thailand suffered a 24% dip in revenue due to reasons such as political instability and economic downturn in the Eurozone. On the same note, Morocco suffered a 29% dip in revenue per available room (RevPAR). On the other hand, investments in China and Maldives showed increases due to increasing demand from affluent travellers in China and successful marketing in Maldives. Property Sales Hotel Residences1 has earned $S12 million, a 50% drop from last financial year. Sales of Laguna property2 has earned $S17. 9 million, a 12% dropped from last financial year. Development project/site sales3 has earned $S36. 4 million. In 2011, Banyan Tree made a change in stance for their revenue recognition method, from the â€Å"percentage of completion† method as construction progresses, to the â€Å"completion† method. Hence, the overall property sales revenue was S$66. 3 million, up 49% from last year’s S$44. 4 million. For development project/site sales, there has been a general increase in interest in the closing months of the year, and we are hopeful of a stronger high season than in recent years. For Laguna property sales, the peaceful mid-year elections in Thailand led to an increase in sales activity, which offset the impact of the global economic downturn. Therefore, there was a 2% increase in sales in year 2011. Fee-based The Fee-based segment4 comprises Hotel/Fund/Club Management, Spa/Gallery Operations, Design Fees Others. With the exception of club management, all fee-based units registered year on year increased in revenue, resulting in overall revenue growth of 14%. But there was a lower club membership rate of 33%. This was due to the ongoing global economic uncertainty as well as political unrest in Thailand, which adversely affected investor confidence, particularly in higher-priced hotel residences. Analysis of Financial Ratios Current Ratio Banyan Tree possesses adequate resources to address an immediate crisis. Banyan Tree is able to comfortably payoff its current liabilities with its current assets. This is reflected by an increasing current ratio of 1. 25 since the 2008 economic crisis to 1. 76 in 2011. Competitors such as Stamford land had a current ratio of 1. 72 in 2011, Based on this comparison, Banyan Tree remains competitive. Debt Ratio Banyan Tree’s debt ratio for 2008 was 0. 62. However, this number has been gradually decreased to 0. 603 in 2011 indicating that less of the company’s assets are financed by debt. Competitors in the industry, such as Stamford Land Pte Ltd displayed debt ratios of 0. 538 in 2011, indicating an area where Banyan Tree can improve on. Taking into account Banyan Tree’s strong current ratio, a majority of Banyan Tree’s debt is long term. RevPAR RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room) measures a hotel’s profitability. By multiplying a hotel’s room-rate with the hotel’s occupancy rate, RevPAR measures profitability based on the number of available rooms. RevPAR improved from $179 in 2010 to $181 in 2011. Compared to competitors such as Pan Pacific which had a RevPAR of $135. 23 in 2011, Banyan Tree maintains a competitive grounding in the hospitality market. Earnings per Share Earnings per share (EPS) is a measure of a company’s profitability and investor confidence. Banyan Tree’s EPS was exceptionally high in 2007 due to the recording of an exceptional item gain of $44. 5 million due to litigation. The EPS later fell drastically in 2008 due to the absence of this item. In 2010, its EPS was also high due to the sale of Dusit Laguna Phuket which resulted in an accounting gain of $67. 4 million. However, this led to a fall in EPS again in 2011. EBITDA EBITDA fell steadily from 2007 to 2009, but saw a significant leap in the year 2010. However, most recently, Banyan Tree saw a plunge in earnings to a significant low of 49.4 million in 2011 this is possibly due to a change in accounting policy5. With a 14. 65% EBIDTA margin in 2011, compared to Stamford Land’s EBIDTA margin of 17. 95%, Banyan Tree has limited cash flow which can hinder its progress. The Problems Poor Performance in Thailand Though this poor performance has been excused by attributing the fall in revenue to the sale of Dusit Laguna Phuket and Laguna Beach Resort in 2010 and 2011, it can be attributed more to the political crisis and flooding in Thailand, which severely affected travel to the region as well as investment in the country. Travel to Thailand has since increased however, with the number of foreign tourists in Thailand rising from 15 to 19 million from 2010 to 2011. Hotel occupancy rates for Thailand rose from 50-57% in the same period, as opposed to Banyan Tree’s average occupancy rate decreasing from 52-51%. This might indicate Banyan Tree losing its competitive edge in Thailand or changing tourism trends in the country that it has not followed. Decrease Revenue in Hotel Investments Hotel investment revenue decreased by 20% from $205. 1 million in 2008 to $163. 7 million in 2011. The stronger performance by the hotels in China and the Maldives were offset by weaker numbers from Thailand, since more than half of Banyan Tree’s some 1,608 resorts and hotels are located in Thailand despite divestment efforts in recent years. In both 2008 and 2011, about 45% of Banyan Tree’s total revenue came from their hotel investment segment, which has consistently dropped some since 2008. While the property sales and fee-based segments have been growing in recent years, their growth is insufficient to offset the drop in hotel investment revenue. This problem is furthered by the fact that around 50% of Banyan Tree’s liabilities, and more than 60% of its assets are based in the hotel investment segment. Poor Market Performance Banyan Tree has consistently underperformed the STI since 2008, with its share price dropping around 60% since then. There are three main reasons for this are its decreasing EBITDA, its fluctuating EPS, and erosion of investor confidence given the geopolitical instability in Thailand. With most of its resources and revenue still over-reliant on Thailand, as well as Banyan Tree’s poor performance in the country, investor confidence has been poor in recent years. Future Plans Expanding to Emerging Economies China registered an S$2. 0 million increase in revenue from the year before, partly because of increased MICE activity (Appendix B). In addition, Banyan Tree’s properties in China saw a 55% increase in room revenue in 2011 (Appendix C) Tourist arrivals in china have grown from 26. 126million in 2010 to 27. 1120 million in 20116, an overall growth of foreign tourist arrivals by 3.8% with a slowly but surely recovering global economy and China’s stimulus packages starting to take effect, we should capitalize on China being a steadily growing travel hub and capture a larger market share catering to both travel for business and leisure. Apart from China, Banyan tree should look to expand into North East Asia. In South Korea, tourists’ arrivals have been steadily increasing from 6,890,841 visitors in 2008 to 9,794,796 in 2011. Once again, expanding into North East Asia would make Banyan Tree more profitable due to increased demand of hotel and luxury services. A more profitable Banyan tree will raise share price and increase investor confidence. Earnings per share will improve and as a result, more people will be willing to invest in Banyan tree resulting in greater equity financed working assets and a more financially stable company. Divesting Resources Revenue from Thailand fell 24% to S$33. 3 million, due to the sale of Dusit Laguna Phuket and Laguna Beach Resort in October 2010 and May 2011 respectively. Banyan Tree also suffered from floods occurring in Thailand, resulting in poorer tourist arrivals. Thailand’s poor performance in 2011 has resulted in weaker profits for Banyan Tree. Given the high concentration of hotels and spas in Thailand, Banyan Tree should look to divest some of its resources and re-allocate them into more profitable areas such as China and North East Asia. Fee based Segment Banyan Tree’s fee-based segment makes up 30. 2% of Banyan Tree’s group revenue and has grown by 14% from 2010 to 2011. In light of a weakening Hotel Investment sector, possessing a strong fee-based sector can result in longer term, more sustainable growth. Areas of focus in the fee based segment include expansion into emerging economies as well as deeper focus on Banyan Tree’s spa sector. Given there are only 65 existing spas under Banyan Tree, the spa sector is definitely a plausible area for expansion which can continue drawing revenue from local customers in the event of a drop in the number of tourists. We identify these as potential sources of revenue and believe that Banyan Tree can stand to profit from this. Hotel Management Program Education is an important area of investment. Investment in education almost always pays off. Banyan tree has been in the hotel business since 1994 and knows the ropes of the business. Banyan tree has a ‘Banyan Tree Management Academy’ (BTMA) which roughly covers the first two points discussed below. We are proposing a more prominent distinction between the two wings. We are proposing Banyan Tree to start a Hotel Management Institute with the following three wings: Re-education of existing employees This section involves, as the name suggests, re-education of the already existing employees to the latest trends. It would be made mandatory for every employee to take part in this program once every five years. This would keep the employees up-to-date with all the latest happenings in the field of hotel management. Education of future employees The students under this wing would have to sign a bond stating that they will work with banyan tree for a minimum of ten years after they complete their course and will not be allowed to ever work with any company involved in similar sectors of business as banyan tree. These students will be scholarship students. They will be taught with special focus on banyan tree and in great detail about the banyan tree structure and their way of working. In short, these are the future runners of banyan tree. This measure will help banyan tree create an image that none of its workers are untouchable and will help them easily replace employees. General Education This wing will be the main revenue generation of banyan tree hotel management institute. Students in this wing will be taught in a much general manner about the hotel industry and its structure. These students will not be given scholarships. After their education these students can work wherever they work. There will be a huge number of courses offered to the students under this category as this will be the main part of the institute. It will prepare students who want to assume any role in the hospitality business in the near future. Banyan tree already has a partnership with Cornell through BTMA and should look to use that partnership to help its hotel management institute grow initially.